Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) have become a subject of intensive research aimed at developing treatment strategies for skeletal conditions resulting from trauma and degenerative diseases. They are members of a family of proteins that promote bone formation. In recent years, they have been proven to be effective in promoting spinal fusion and elimination of donor site morbidity.

This study aims to analyze and compare the fusion rates and clinical outcomes of open and minimally invasive posterior spinal fusion procedures with and without Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs).